zubori essays

zubori essays Martin Luther lived from 1483-1546. Luther was born on November 10, 1483 in Eisleben in the province of Saxony. His protestant view of Christianity started what was called the Protestant Reformation in Germany. Luther's intentions were to reform the medieval Roman Catholic Church. But firm resistance from the church towards Luther's challenge made way to a permanent division in the structure of Western Christianity. Luther lived in Mansfield and was the son of a miner. He later went on to study at Eisenbach and Magdeburg. After studying at these institutions he moved on to study at the University of Erfurt. Luther started out studying law, but then went on to enter the religious life. He went into the religious life due to the fact that he felt that he would never earn his eternal salvation. He didn't feel that all of the prayer, studying and sacraments were enough. Therefore, Luther felt that he would never be able to satisfy such a judging God. Not being able to satisfy this God meant eternal damnation. After entering the religious life he later became an Augustinian monk and entered the Augustinian monastery at Erfurt in July of 1505. While in this monastery Luther became a well known theologian and Biblical scholar. In 1512 Luther earned his doctorate in theology and became a professor of Biblical literature at Wittenberg University. Luther took his religious vocation very serious. This led him into a severe crisis in dealing with his religion. He wondered, "is it possible to reconcile the demands of God's law with human inability to live up to the law." Luther then turned to the New Testament book of Romans for answers. He had found, "God had, in the obedience of Jesus Christ, reconciled humanity to himself." "What was required of mankind, therefore, was not strict adherence to law or the fulfillment of religious obligations, but a response of faith that accepted what God had done." In other words he realized that religion is ...

2011 Hurricane Names

2011 Hurricane Names 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 Below you will find the listing of hurricane names for the Atlantic Ocean for the year 2011. For every year, there is a pre-approved list of tropical storm and hurricane names. These lists have been generated by the National Hurricane Center since 1953. At first, the lists consisted of only female names; however, since 1979, the lists alternate between male and female. Hurricanes are named alphabetically from the list in chronological order. Thus the first tropical storm or hurricane of the year has a name that begins with A and the second is given the name that begins with B. The lists contain hurricane names that begin from A to W, but exclude names that begin with a Q or U. There are six lists that continue to rotate. The lists only change when there is a hurricane that is so devastating, the name is retired and another hurricane name replaces it. Thus, the 2011 hurricane name list is the same as the 2005 hurricane name list although four hurricane names were retired after the devastating 2005 hurricane season so on the 2011 list Dennis was replaced by Don, Katrina was replaced by Katia, Rita was replaced by Rina, Stan was replaced Sean, and Wilma was replaced by Whitney. 2011 Hurricane Names ArleneBretCindyDonEmilyFranklinGertHarveyIreneJoseKatiaLeeMariaNateOpheliaPhilippeRinaSeanTammyVinceWhitney

Research paper about any topic Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

About any topic - Research Paper Example But modern research suggests that the legalization can create positive impact on the economic and medical system of a country. Scientifically it has been proved that the use of marijuana is less dangerous than that of alcohol, aspirin and tobacco. Scarce law enforced for the consumption of marijuana resulted in to loss of billions of dollars. But the regulation and legalizing of marijuana can help to boost the economic growth rate of a country and decrease the crime rate. This research paper will analyze and discuss about the optimum benefits for legalization of marijuana in United States. The proper term of marijuana is cannabis sativa. Since the year 1937, the discovery of leaf has created huge controversy about its legalization. The positive impact of marijuana towards economic and medical structure of a country surpasses its negative influence. Strict laws adopted to restrict the consumption of marijuana by United States Government. Research suggests the medical importance of marijuana. Marijuana helps to reduce nausea, vomiting and reduce stress of struggling life of human beings. In United States, $5 billion spend each year to restrict people using marijuana. The humongous amount of money spend is equivalent to the 1 % GDP of United States. The medical benefit of legalization of marijuana cannot be denied. Marijuana can help to treat nausea during the time of cancer chemotherapy, Crohn’s disease, muscle spasms, seizure disorders and poor appetite. Marijuana can help to the health of lungs and reduce effect of tobacco. In January 2012, researchers of Ameri can Medical association published that the use of marijuana can help to increase the capacity of lungs. Tobacco smoking can dismantle the function of lungs but consumption of marijuana can raise the capacity of lungs. A study published in the year 2003 shows that marijuana can help to prevent epileptic seizure. Marijuana can also help to prevent eye disease called glaucoma. This

Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 7

Research - Essay Example The adoption of the hourly rounding program is expected to check different aspects of patient care, including pain assessment, patient positioning, assessing the accessibility of different possessions to the patient and also checking toileting needs. There are different healthcare regulatory institutions addressing the problem of patient falls. Following the publication of the 1999 report by the Institute of Medicine (IOM), the National Quality Forum produced a survey report, showing the 27 adverse events that could be prevented through the adoption of more effective care practices. These adverse effects include the disability and the death of patients, due to patient falls – while they are being served at healthcare institutions (NFQ, 2007). In 2008, the CMS (Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services) adopted policies objecting the compensation of the payment made –following the treatment of hospital-acquired conditions at different healthcare institutions (Sherrod, Brown, Vroom & Taylor Sullivan, 2012). The serious disability and the deaths arising from patient falls – occurring among the patients under the case of healthcare institutions – are among the hospital-acquired conditions that could not b e compensated. Among the solutions proposed to address the problem of patient falls, through the guideline summary drafted towards its prevention was the adoption of hourly rounding. The hourly rounding program was proposed as the program to facilitate the monitoring of changes in the comfort and the conditions of patients, which could counter the increasing incidences of patient falls (AHRQ, 2008). The program of hourly rounding – which is initiated to improve the safety of patients and to reduce the avoidable healthcare expenses – is not a new concept, despite the fact that it has been reviewed and redeveloped (Oldrich, Kalman & Nigolian, 2012). The program

Schools and Delinquency Essay Example for Free

Schools and Delinquency Essay The research done on chapter 5 from the book juvenile justice is very interesting to say the least. The way it made the information on it easy to understand is very helpful to me.. Also the research done describes the truancy and dropout rate and the thing that the state is doing to prevent them from increasing more. One of the reasons why researchers think that drop out accrues is because of the race or the ethnicity. One thing that is for sure is that they don’t know the order in which delinquency accurse whether it’s due to drop out or the other social factors or maybe something that’s happening in the youth’s family. They have put up curfews and other programs that have proven to drop the dropout rate and truancy. Which I think is great because the less time the youths have outside the less likely they are to get involved with gangs or start abusing drugs or alcohol. Another research is the shooting rate in schools and how it is a rare crime compared to any other youth related crime, and because it is a rare crime the media covers it and I shock the nation because of it. Because of this the states have given more funding’s to make the schools safer. They want to make sure that the schools are a place where the students can feel safe and not have to worry about being in danger all the time. But still schools still continue to have a high level of crime in them even with all the precautions that are being taken. Most of the time having to do with bullying or sometime it has to do with the fact that students are being introduced to illegal drugs in school premises. The research on bullying say that bullying is one of the factors in school shootings, and because of this research they have started to make programs for anti-bullying. Research also says that males are more likely to report being bullied than females. I think that this is because of the reason the females are more afraid of what is to happen then the males. Also they say that bullying has an effect on attendance for the reason that some kids don’t want to go to school for the reason that they are scared of the people there, and also it has proven to ave a long lasting effect that affect the victim of bullying for long periods of time. The way I think schools should deal with troublesome or kids engaged in delinquency are these. I think that they should be put in different classes. So that the teachers are more focused on the troublesome students and not have to worry about the other well behaved students. Another way to handle this situation is to make a school for youths that are going down the path of delinquency. In this school they should have stricter rules on attendance. If they missed school for to many days they should be taken on a trip to show them what there life could be in the future. I have seen a show where the parents take action and put their kids in a program where they take them to jail and they are treated like criminals. They also introduce them to male and female prisoners that yell and tell them the reasons why there are where they are. Some of the times this program helps put the youth back on track and show them that what they are doing is bad and the life that they could be living is behind bars in a squared box. In my opinion the schools are doing everything in their power to help the trouble some students. I do believe that some teachers don’t worry as much for the youths that are misbehaving because they think that they will get nowhere in life. For this reason is why I think that we should make the things that I mentioned earlier a must that way they get the attention that they need to get and everyone is learning in one way or another. From my experience I think that it is necessary to take action now. I have seen many people drop out of school because they thought that what they are learn is use less but because most of the time teachers don’t give them the attention they needed because sometimes when youth misbehaved was because they thought that the work was hard and the teachers would not help them with it because they may have not cared about them because of the way they behaved. Being involved in a youth’s life is important for many reasons and one main reason is so that the youth does not fall into the wrong steps in life. Having read all this research on delinquency has opened up my mind that it does not only happen for one reason but for many like for example being bullied or not understanding the work given to them at school and acting out on it in a bad way so that their peers don’t realize the reasons to why they never want to do their work.

Oppression of Women in Chopins Story of an Hour and Gilmans Yellow Wa

Oppression of Women in Chopin's Story of an Hour and Gilman's Yellow Wallpaper    "The Story of an Hour" by Kate Chopin and "The Yellow Wallpaper" by Charlotte Perkins Gilman share the same view of the subordinate position of women in the late 1800's. Both stories demonstrate the devastating effects on the mind and body that result from an intelligent person living with and accepting the imposed will of another. This essay will attempt to make their themes apparent by examining a brief summery of their stories and relating them to their personal histories. It will reveal this theme further through analysis of setting, visual and conceptual symbolism, and by exploring the relationships between the characters in each story. In the "Story of an Hour", we are told that Louise has a bad heart condition. A friend of the family has discovered that there was a bad accident at her husband?s job and he is on the deceased list. Louise?s sister carefully tells her this distressing news; however, instead of falling apart, Louise finds herself feeling as if she has a new lease on life because she will finally be able to live for herself. Suddenly, her husband walks in the door, and shocked, Louise drops dead of a heart attack. The physician says it was from "a joy that kills" (341-342). In "The Yellow Wallpaper", the main character is attempting to heal from a nervous disorder. Her physician prescribes the "rest cure" which allows her to do nothing: no housekeeping, no writing, and no visiting with family or friends. She cannot even play with her baby. Her husband insists that she stay in a room upstairs and she eventually goes insane. Both Chopin and Gilman borrow from real events in their lives when writing these stories. Kat... ...V. Roberts and Henry E. Jacobs. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc. Simon Schuster/ A Viacom Company, 1998. 542-553. Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. "Why I Wrote ?The Yellow Wallpaper?" Ed. Catherine Lavender; The College of Staten Island of the City University of New York, Fall Semester, Oct. 1997. (25 Jan 1999)   Ã‚  http://www.library.csi.cuny.edu/dept/history/lavender/whyyw.html McChristie, Pat. "Women Need to Work" Copyright: 1998. Cyberwoman (30 Jan 1999) http://www.cyberparent.com/women/needwork.htm Wyatt, Neal "Biography of Kate Chopin" English 384: Women Writers. Ed. Ann M. Woodlief Copyright: 1998, Virginia Commonwealth University. (26 Jan. 1999) http://www.vcu.edu/engweb/eng384/katebio.htm "Why are Women Leaving Marriage in Droves?" Marriage. Copyright: 1998. Cyberwoman (30 Jan 1999) http://www.cyberparent.com/women/marriage1.htm

Development can improve your work Essay

?1.3- explain how learning and development can improve your own work, benefit organisations, and identify career options. Learning and development means that you will be able to broaden your knowledge and skills in that particular aspect of your job role. This will improve your marketability in your job, meaning more people will recognize your company. This also helps you to understand your job role better and to open up possible places for future promotions. When learning new skills, you could realise that you are now able to do a job you used to think was impossible to complete. In completing a job it increases your value to your employer and helps provide that you keep your job and hopefully advance with the company that you are working for, also meaning more career offers, as people around different company’s may recognize you, meaning that they like the way your work and could potentially ask to employee you. It can benefit work as well the employee is better qualified and should have a better understanding of their job role.

Healthy Life

Healthy life is a very important thing in our lives. We should watch what we eat. We should look at the nutrition label whenever we buy food and drinks. The most important thing on healthy life is exercise. Living healthy is very relaxing.The best thing to do if you want to live healthy is look at the nutrition label on anything you are eating. Look at how much calcium does the food has because it’s an essential nutrient to our body needs everyday and keeps our body run smoothly. Potassium give you strength and endurance that maintain higher level for a long time. Iron is the another best thing you should worry about because iron helps the blood transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissue cells where it is needed and if you don’t get the iron you need in future you will have problem. They are more good vitamins that you can eat for example â€Å"Multi-Vitamins† has everything you need for the whole day.The most important thing about being healthy is exercise be cause it prevent you getting any type of diseases. There are a lot of things that help you when you exercises everyday. Your body improves stamina because you motivating yourself to work your body out more and you feel better about yourself. The most important thing I have notice is insomnia problem because your not active an you cant’t sleep right. When you work out and active an doing stuff insomnia goes away and you will get nice sleep. Exercising is very important to everyone lives.Living a healthy and relaxing life is very important in our lives because you can live longer. If you don’t work out and be lazy and don’t worry about exercising your long term life will be in danger. Everyone should start exercising everything and trust me you will feel a different in your life.

What You Should Know About Unequal Treaties

What You Should Know About Unequal Treaties During the 19th and early 20th centuries, stronger powers imposed humiliating, one-sided treaties on weaker nations in East Asia. The treaties imposed harsh conditions on the target nations, sometimes seizing territory, allowing citizens of the stronger nation special rights within the weaker nation, and infringing on the targets sovereignty. These documents are known as unequal treaties, and they played a key role in creating nationalism in Japan, China, and also Korea.   Unequal Treaties in Modern Asian History The first of the unequal treaties was imposed on Qing China by the British Empire in 1842 after the First Opium War. This document, the Treaty of Nanjing, forced China to allow foreigner traders to use five treaty ports, to accept foreign Christian missionaries on its soil, and to allow missionaries, traders, and other British citizens the right of extraterritoriality. This meant that Britons who committed crimes in China would be tried by consular officials from their own nation, rather than facing Chinese courts. In addition, China had to cede the island of Hong Kong to Britain for 99 years. In 1854, an American battle fleet commanded by Commodore Matthew Perry opened Japan to American shipping by threat of force. The U.S. imposed an agreement called the Convention of Kanagawa on the Tokugawa government. Japan agreed to open two ports to American ships in need of supplies, guaranteed rescue and safe passage for American sailors shipwrecked on its shores, and allowed a permanent U.S. consulate to be set up in Shimoda. In return, the U.S. agreed not to bombard Edo (Tokyo). The Harris Treaty of 1858 between the US and Japan further expanded U.S. rights within Japanese territory, and was even more clearly unequal than the Convention of Kanagawa. This second treaty opened five additional ports to US trading vessels, allowed U.S. citizens to live and to purchase property in any of the treaty ports, granted Americans extraterritorial rights in Japan, set very favorable import and export duties for U.S. trade, and allowed Americans to build Christian churches and worship freely in the treaty ports. Observers in Japan and abroad saw this document as a portent of the colonization of Japan; in reaction, the Japanese overthrew the weak Tokugawa Shogunate in the 1868 Meiji Restoration. In 1860, China lost the Second Opium War to Britain and France, and was forced to ratify the Treaty of Tianjin. This treaty was quickly followed by similar unequal agreements with the US and Russia. The Tianjin provisions included the opening of a number of new treaty ports to all of the foreign powers, the opening of the Yangtze River and Chinese interior to foreign traders and missionaries, allowing foreigners to live and establish legations in the Qing capital at Beijing, and granted them all extremely favorable trade rights.   Meanwhile, Japan was modernizing its political system and its military, revolutionizing the country in just a few short years.  It imposed the first unequal treaty of its own on Korea in 1876.  In the Japan-Korea Treaty of 1876, Japan unilaterally ended Koreas tributary relationship with Qing China, opened three Korean ports to Japanese trade, and allowed Japanese citizens extraterritorial rights in Korea. This was the first step toward Japans outright annexation of Korea in 1910. In 1895, Japan prevailed in the First Sino-Japanese War. This victory convinced the western powers that they would not be able to enforce their unequal treaties with the rising Asian power any longer. When Japan seized Korea in 1910, it also nullified the unequal treaties between the Joseon government and various western powers. The majority of Chinas unequal treaties lasted until the Second Sino-Japanese War, which began in 1937; the western powers abrogated most of the agreements by the end of World War II. Great Britain, however, retained Hong Kong until 1997. The British handover of the island to mainland China marked the final end of the unequal treaty system in East Asia.

Before Obamacare, the National Health Insurance Plan

Before Obamacare, the National Health Insurance Plan Introduction In 2009, President Barack Obama unveiled his proposal for a plan intended to reduce the soaring costs of healthcare by providing all Americans with health insurance. The plan, titled Healthcare America at the time, would eventually be passed by Congress as the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010. The following article, published in 2009, outlines President Obama’s original vision for what we now know as â€Å"Obamacare.† Key Takeaways: Original Obamacare What became â€Å"Obamacare† was called Healthcare America when first proposed by President Barack Obama in January 2009.The plan was intended to lower the nation’s healthcare costs by providing all Americans with health insurance.Under Healthcare America, all U.S. residents not covered by Medicare or an employer-provided plan would be allowed to buy insurance at lower rates through a government-run Health Care for America program.All U.S. employers would be required to provide their employees with insurance coverage or pay an additional tax to help pay for Healthcare America.Maximum monthly health insurance premiums paid under Health Care for America were to range from $70 for an individual to $140 for a couple.Healthcare America was greatly modified and eventually enacted as the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act on March 23, 2010 Obamacare as Envisioned in 2009 A national health insurance plan, administered by the federal government as an alternative to private health insurance, will probably be proposed this year by President Obama. Despite the massive cost of a universal health insurance plan, estimated at up to $2 trillion over 10 years, support for the plan is growing in Congress. Obama, and Democratic congressional leaders argue that by reducing health care costs, a universal health insurance plan would actually help reduce the national deficit. Opponents argue that the savings, though real, would have only a minor impact on the deficit. While the politics and pros and cons of nationalized health care have been debated for years, the national health insurance element of President Obama’s overall health care reform agenda appears to have a good chance of happening. So far, the framework of Obama’s national health insurance plan is best described in Jacob Hacker’s â€Å"Health Care for America† plan. The Goal: Health Insurance for Everyone As described by Jacob Hacker of the Economic Policy Institute, the national health insurance plan – â€Å"Health Care for America† – attempts to provide affordable health insurance to all non-elderly Americans through a combination of a new Medicare-like program provided by the government and existing employer-provided health plans. Under Health Care for America, every legal resident of the U.S. who is not covered by either Medicare or an employer-provided plan could purchase coverage through Health Care for America. As it currently does for Medicare, the federal government would bargain for lower prices and upgraded care for every Health Care for America enrollee. All Health Care for America enrollees could choose coverage under the affordable Medicare-like plan offering them free choice of medical providers or a selection of more expensive, comprehensive private health insurance plans. To help pay for the plan, all U.S. employers would be expected to either provide health coverage for their employees equal in quality to Health Care for America or pay a modest payroll-based tax to support Health Care for America and help their employees buy their own coverage. The process would be similar to how employers currently pay an unemployment tax to help fund state unemployment compensation programs. Self-employed persons could buy coverage under Health Care for America by paying the same payroll-based tax as employers. Persons not in the workplace could buy coverage by paying premiums based on their annual income. In addition, the federal government would offer the states incentives to enroll any remaining uninsured individuals in Health Care for America. Non-elderly beneficiaries of Medicare and S-CHIP (the State Childrens Health Insurance Program) would be automatically enrolled in the Health Care for America Plan, either through their employers or individually. In summary, supporters of the Health Care for America plan say it would provide the U.S. with universal health care coverage by: being available to any legal U.S. resident without good workplace coverage;requiring that employers (and the self-employed) either purchase coverage comparable to Health Care for America for all their workers or pay a relatively modest payroll contribution (6% of payroll) to fund Health Care for America coverage for all their employees; andrequiring that Americans who remain without insurance either purchase private coverage or buy into the Health Care for America Plan. For persons already covered by employer-provided health insurance, Health Care for America would virtually eliminate the suddenly very real threat of losing coverage because of layoffs. What Would the Plan Cover? According to its supporters, Health Care for America will provide comprehensive coverage. Along with all current Medicare benefits, the plan will cover mental health and maternal and child health. Unlike Medicare, Health Care for America will place limits on total annual out-of-pocket costs paid by enrollees. Drug coverage would be provided directly by Health Care for America, rather than by private health plans. Medicare would be modified to allow it to provide the elderly and disabled with the same direct drug coverage. In addition, preventive and well-child checkups would be provided to all beneficiaries at no out-of-pocket cost. How Much Will Coverage Cost? As proposed, the maximum monthly Health Care for America premium would be $70 for an individual, $140 for a couple, $130 for a single-parent family, and $200 for all other families. For those enrolled in the plan at their place of work, anyone whose income was below 200% of the poverty level (about $10,000 for an individual and $20,000 for a family of four ) would pay no additional premiums. The plan would also offer extensive, but so far unspecified, assistance to enrollees to help them afford coverage. Health Care for America coverage would be continuous and guaranteed. Once enrolled, individuals or families would remain covered unless they become covered by a qualified private insurance plan through their employer.

Development of Herbs and ayurveda Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Development of Herbs and ayurveda - Case Study Example associate their lifestyle with fashion in health. The choice of Himalaya nourishing cream compliments the craze for fashion in India.Amongst the 720 crore market for the Indian fairness cream Himalayahealthcare wishes to acquire 2 percent market share (www.himalayahealthcare.com /search). MISSION (www.himalayahealthcare.com /mission) To establish Himalaya as a science based problem solving,head to heal brand harnessed from nature's wealth and characterised by trust and healthy lives. To develop worldwide markets and have an in-depth long-term approach maintaining highest ethical standards . To co-operate and take into consideration the talents of each member of the Himalaya family and the nearby communities in the local region where Himalayaproducts are consumed. To support the eco-friendly environment. mf.. Mohan 3 To ensure that each employee strongly reciprocates...Women besides fashion also want health and this nourishing cream fulfils their need and want because it is a gentle blend of herbal extracts that create vitality and youth for the skin. Himalaya herbal nourishing cream is light and non-greasy and provides nourishment, all day long. It protects the skin from pollution and dry weather.

The Marshall Plan and Communism after World War 2 Essay

The Marshall Plan and Communism after World War 2 - Essay Example Historical facts are used for purposes of knowledge and understanding of past events to help explaining contemporary and future events. On this basis, research into finding the answers to the above question will add knowledge to historians and other interested stakeholders. In addition, the information obtained will enable historians and other stakeholders in explaining contemporary and future communism. Such facts are provided within the analysis and conclusion of the paper. Section B: Summary of Evidence Communism is the economic and social system where property and resources are collectively owned and controlled by classless society. Marshall Plan (named after Secretary of State George Marshall) was intended to provide aid for fostering reconstruction of economies that had been destroyed by the World War II Between 1948 and 1951, US through the Marshall Plan (European Recovery Program, ERP) pumped money into Western Europe in order to spur redevelopment after the World War II Mars hall Plan was based on the dislocation of the entire European economy during the World War II Deteriorating European economies provided vistas for people to come together and own resources and production channels Main intention was to combat the spread of Soviet communism Goals of the Marshall Plan included: Rebuilding devastated region Removal of trade barriers Modernization of industry Making Europe prosperous again after the World War II Marshall’s success kept the Western Europe out of the communist bloc Economic weapons can be used in solving diplomatic problems Section C: Source Evaluation Ambrose, Stephen E. "The Presidency and Foreign Policy." Foreign Affairs 70.5 (1992): 120. In this article, Ambrose identifies some of the foreign policies employed by the US. Foreign policies are usually the guidelines that affect how a given nation interacts with other nations. This resource identifies the fact that Marshall Plan was developed out of the US foreign policies. The art icle provides the foundation of the plan making the research on the topic easier. Nonetheless, the article does not explicitly describe the Marshall Plan. Bernadette, Whelan. Ireland and the Marshall Plan 1947-1957. Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2000. Print. Bernadette in her book attempts to describe how Ireland benefitted from the Marshal Plan that was in effect between 1947 and 1958. Notably, the book addresses very crucial point in respect to how communism was going to arise within Europe had there been no aid from the US. What’s more, this book attempts to describe how communist bloc was a major concern for the US given that they had just emerged victors in the Second World War. Such information is important in establishing effectiveness of the Marshall Plan in preventing communism within the Western Europe. However, the limitation of the book is that it fails to explicitly provide a description and evaluation of the effects of Marshall Plan on communism in Europe. Burk, Ka thleen. "The Marshall Plan: Filling in some of the Blanks." Contemporary European History 10.2 (2001): 267-94. In the journal of Contemporary European History, Burk’s article revolves around the Marshall Plan and how it attempted to reconstruct the European economy. Burk’s article identifies some of the ‘blanks’ that many historians have failed to identified for all this time. For instance, Burk claims