Legal and Ethical Issues in Medical Sales Free Essay Example, 2500 words

Off-label use can be defined as the use of drugs by doctors for purposes other than those approved by the FDA. It has become evident from various studies that a considerable proportion of patients are subjected to off-label use. This is so because doctors are free to prescribe any legally marketed device for uses other than the ones allowed by the FDA. This is so because Section 906 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetics Act points out that the Act does not interfere with the authority of a healthcare practitioner to prescribe or administer any legally marketed device for any condition or disease within legitimate health care practitioner-patient relationship (FDA, n.d). Thus, as a study by Kesselheim, Mello Studdert (2011) from the Brigham and Women s Hospital, Boston, points out, there is widespread off-label marketing of medicines in the US which cannot be controlled under the existing laws. The study identified three methods of off-label marketing. They are the expansion of d rug use to unapproved diseases, expansion of drug use to unapproved disease subtypes, and expansion of drug use to unapproved dosing strategies that often involve higher doses. We will write a custom essay sample on Legal and Ethical Issues in Medical Sales or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

Essay on Original Writing Short Story - 883 Words

Original Writing: Short Story It was the night of the year that few children can sleep. The night when everyone hopes that snow will fall and they will wake up to a garden of glistening diamonds grown by the morning sun. It was Christmas Eve. As many had hoped, snow was falling. It slowly covered the houses and streets in a thick blanket. The moon shone her silver light down on the white world, and but for one, there was nobody to view the kind of beauty that things such as love and dreams are made of. The only one there to see the spectacle was a small boy of five, or six years. This little boy possessed a beauty not of this earth, a beauty that surpassed even all that surrounded him. His†¦show more content†¦On the night that every other child wished for toys, and puppies, this little boy wished for love. And nothing more. Finally, the little boy came to a stop, not wanting to ever take another step again. He raised his downcast eyes, and in front of him stood a church. He remembered that he had been to church before, and the building that loomed above him stirred vague memories. The boy made himself stumble a few more steps, and pressed his face to the glass door he had arrived at. He looked in, and saw the church was lit up inside. There was light coming from behind a man on a big cross, and two huge Christmas trees shone in heavenly splendor. Looking at the man on the cross, he had a faint recollection. He half-remembered, a long time ago, that someone reading from a big book had said that the man on the cross would come on Christmas. That he came every Christmas. The little boy supposed that if anyone would help him, it would be the man inside. He loved everyone. So, the little boy laid down in front of the church, and as he slipped off into sleep, a glimmer of hope, that the man would come and save him from the cold and loneliness, warmed his heart. The snow continued to fall, and bells jingled far in the distance. Presents were laid under trees, and visions of sugar plums danced in most childrens heads. But not the little boy who slept on the church steps under the winterShow MoreRelatedEssay about Original Writing: Short Story927 Words   |  4 PagesOriginal Writing: Short Story The weather was not unusual this morning. London had just received her share of rain for the year. The sky hinted the existence of the sun but dark gray clouds seemed to quench even the hope of such a splendor. It is February, month of sweethearts, ice cold days, and even colder nights. The month that all of London hoped would come soon, for it would mark the soon end of winter, the end to hibernation, when boys could finally once againRead MoreReflection Of A Short Story900 Words   |  4 PagesI enjoy writing short stories because the activity allows me to express my creativity and speak my mind. However, I often have trouble finishing compositions, and my English professors will often tell me I need to improve my work. 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Only the most skilled authors have successfully used various literary elements, like suspense and foreshadowing, to create ageless stories and earn a position in the history of literature. Well known authors, such as Edgar Allan Poe and Richard Connell, use specific literary techniques to inspire and horrify young minds through their timeless works of literature. Biography of EdgarRead MoreWe re Flying By Peter Stamm990 Words   |  4 PagesIn the fall semester, I started reading short stories again. I had not done so in a while, and it started when my friend lent me his copy of Nine Stories by J.D Salinger. I had read some of them in high school, but after reading them again with addition of the others, I was inspired to write short stories. Writing a book seemed too daunting, especially when I did not know how to write one or how to start. I figured writing short stories was the best way to start. 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Mental Health Nursing for Practitioners - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theMental Health Nursing for Practitioners and Providers. Answer: A mental health patient may not have complete recovery from his or her illness. One may recover from the physical illness but in mental health, nursing the word complete recovery is a rarely used. Mental health nursing is more than the treatment or management of symptoms. Recovery refers to having support, building resilience and ability to process thoughts. For this purpose the recovery principles are developed that will help guide the patients recovery from mental illness. In this assignment Jeremy Oxleys recovery pathway is discussed. He is the founder of the band named, Sunny Boys and is known to be a gifted musician. He was diagnosed with schizophrenia. He lived twenty years with this illness and yet returned to the stage. The essay discusses the principles of recovery in response to the mental health problems experienced by Jeremy. Sunny Boys is the popular Australian band, led by the famous guitarist, Jeremy Oxley. The documentary video shows the life of Jeremy and his remarkable journey with schizophrenia. At the age of 18, he was popular as talented singer and was popular of successful band. In early 1980s, Oxley performed along with Peter (elder brother). Peter was a bass guitarist. They achieved a great success in very short period of time. Oxley became a busy man right in those years and engaged in hectic schedules of recording sessions and relentless touring. It turned out be stressful for him and ultimately led to physical as well as mental burnout (Chien et al., 2013). In one incident, Oxley in 2012, walked out of the Enmore Theatre. Nobody could comprehend the rationale of this behaviour. It was the sign of his crushing health. Eventually, this came out be schizophrenia and Oxley was trapped into this lonely horror of mental illness (The Sunnyboy, 2013). Bill Bilson, the childhood friend of Oxley, describes him as fun loving and gentleperson. His friends knew him as perfectionist. Bill was a drummer of the band Sunny Boys. He was in surfing before and later engaged in guitar playing. He described that Oxley, was highly stressed due to hectic schedule. Eventually he started to have disturbed thinking pattern and paranoid thoughts. He started with excessive alcohol consumption and was slowly turning arrogant particularly during the shows (McGorry, 2014). He failed to continue with the high performance in band as earlier. Soon the newspaper articles exposed his bad behaviour to the public, He was always found to be down and out, as he sought the refuge of alcohol and drugs. This phase indicates a heavy impact of schizophrenia on Oxley. This behaviour led to the demise of the popular band, The Sunny Boys. Peter was initially unable to comprehend the rationale for this bizarre behaviour of Oxley. It was difficult for Jeremy at that point to understand and accept his mental illness. He refused to undergo treatment and he was separated with his brother. It was difficult life for Jeremy as he was becoming a complex personality. He was himself not able to figure out the changes happening in his life. He was experiencing auditory hallucinations. He experienced hearing voices of people who are not around him. He had illusion that people prefer his brother Peter more than him. He felt that somebody stole his music from him. These were classic signs of schizophrenia and hearing of voices is also known as first-rank symptom for schizophrenia. Jeremys non compliance to the medical treatment could be justified by his denial of illness. He refused to accept Schizophrenia and denied the medical intervention. He also did not maintain a healthy regime knowing about his unusual heart rhythms and diabetes. Many people refuse treatment as they fail to understand and accept the psychotic episodes experienced by them (Chandra et al., 2014). This significantly hampers their recovery process. People cannot accept mental illness as fast they could cope up with the physical illness. Consequently, their quality of life is deteriorated. Awareness of mental illness is less likely to be found in some people (Kate et al., 2013). It was same with Jeremy as he had no insights of Schizophrenia. He married Mary Griffith, who finally helped him to recover from Schizophrenia (The Sunnyboy, 2013). Recovery from mental illness is not known as clinical recovery. It is more of a personal recovery, where a person understands the illness, and expertise with the manifestations of the illness. It is different from the clinical illness where a person has to work hard to change the attitude towards life, values, beliefs, attitude towards life, emotional and social skills, roles and feelings (Cavelti, Homan Vauth, 2016). In this type of recovery a person have to try to live a meaningful life despite the limitations imposed by the mental illness. It is called as living in hope and adding value to life, to make it more meaningful. In this type of recovery, a mentally ill patient tries to find purpose to life and way to grow beyond the catastrophic events. Recovery from complex mental health condition needs a change in personal attitude and perspective towards life. It cannot be cured solely based on medications. Emotional support is vital to recover from schizophrenia (Hasson-Ohayon et a l., 2014). It requires proper guidance to cope up with the limitations of the illnesses. Mary offered such support and guidance to Oxley. She gave him mental comfort to cope with his illness. They had a happy life together and had two children Kieran and Lachlan, also came out be a helping hand in Oxleys recovery (The Sunnyboy, 2013). There are six principles of mental health recovery according to the National Recovery Framework. This framework is to guide a patient, to hope and gain confidence, engage proactively in life, understand and accept the mental illness and its symptoms, cope up with disabilities, gain personal autonomy, build social identity, and foster positive self-image (Hasson-Ohayon et al., 2014). In the subsequent sections some of the principles are explained that are relevant to the given case study. The first principle deals with the recovery of an individual with ones own uniqueness. It means that the recovery is all about having satisfactory life. This type of recovery is based on opportunities for making healthy choices that can add value to life. The objective of the recovery principle is to help a patient live a meaningful life, and be a contributing factor in a society (health.gov.au, 2013). This recovery principle emphasise on the individual empowerment and improving the quality of life. Mary empowered Jeremy, to make choices that are healthy for his life, their family and children. Jeremy gained a social status with his wife and two children. With the emotional support and attachment of love, Jeremy could make individual choices. He could recognise his importance, and uniqueness which made him engage in self management process (Department of Health, 2017). The second principle refers to the way of empowering and supporting the individual with mental illness, to make choices, explore the choices meaningfully and creatively and acknowledge the choices (health.gov.au, 2013). Jeremy could make individual choices as he was empowered during his recovery period. During his recovery he was engaged in painting to express his thoughts and emotions. He could vent out his feelings through colours and painting. It helped him to become more creative and expressive. He was happy to teach guitar to his children. It made him and his children when playing music as depicted in video. Eventually it helped Jeremy to gain strength and own accountability of his actions. As he spent time with his family, he felt more responsible towards his life. To help Jeremy balance his personal life and professional liabilities this engagement was necessary. To make him use his opportunities, it was necessary for him to ensure balance between support and duty of care. The fourth principle is also relevant to the case study that deals with patients dignity and respect. In this type of recovery, interaction with the mentally ill patient is respectful, courteous and involves honest communication (health.gov.au, 2013). Recovery is based on considering the sensitivity of each individual and respecting their beliefs and values of life. Mary respected Jeremy despite of his illness considering him an important part of her family. Even the children engaged with him actively in communication. This made Jeremy feel empowered as he was getting attention to his needs, choices, and belief system. He felt his dignity was maintained as he played equal role in family as father and husband. His opinions were respected giving him the feeling of autonomy a measure of recovery (Shanks et al., 2013). Using the National Recovery Framework the essay illustrated the Jeremys recovery from schizophrenia. He was empowered by his wife Mary and rectifying his thought process made him take healthy decisions. Eventually he gained the confidence to return back to the pop-music industry. It was a commendable journey of 20 years of lived experience with mental illness. Jeremy is still seeking treatment. He is yet to find many more answers to life. He was engaged in good communication system, support and empowerment process, which made him optimistic about life a measure of good recovery orientation process (Williams et al., 2017) It can be concluded from the case study of Jeremy Oxley, that the mental health services need to incorporate these recovery principles when treating the mentally ill patient. The patient centered approach is the holistic approach as demonstrated by Mary in the video. Instead of solely relying on medication, she also collaborated with the clinicians. Thus, National Recovery Framework guides mental health professionals to design care plan that deals with language of hope, self management of illness, and committed nursing. There is a need of right conjugation of services, supports and treatments. The life of Jeremy Oxley is inspiring in the sense that it is not impossible to recover from complex mental health conditions. References A national framework for recovery-oriented mental health services: Guide for practitioners and providers. (2013).health.gov.au. Retrieved 17 September 2017, from https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/67d17065514cf8e8ca257c1d00017a90/$file/recovgde.pdf Cavelti, M., Homan, P., Vauth, R. (2016). The impact of thought disorder on therapeutic alliance and personal recovery in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder: An exploratory study.Psychiatry research,239, 92-98. Chandra, I. S., Kumar, K. L., Reddy, M. P., Reddy, C. M. P. K. (2014). Attitudes toward medication and reasons for non-compliance in patients with schizophrenia.Indian journal of psychological medicine,36(3), 294. Chien, W. T., Leung, S. F., Yeung, F. K., Wong, W. K. (2013). Current approaches to treatments for schizophrenia spectrum disorders, part II: psychosocial interventions and patient-focused perspectives in psychiatric care.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment,9, 1463. Department of Health | Principles of recovery oriented mental health practice. (2017).Health.gov.au. Retrieved 17 September 2017, from https://www.health.gov.au/internet/publications/publishing.nsf/Content/mental-pubs-i-nongov-toc~mental-pubs-i-nongov-pri Hasson-Ohayon, I., Mashiach-Eizenberg, M., Elhasid, N., Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Roe, D. (2014). Between self-clarity and recovery in schizophrenia: reducing the self-stigma and finding meaning.Comprehensive psychiatry,55(3), 675-680. Kate, N., Grover, S., Kulhara, P., Nehra, R. (2013). Relationship of caregiver burden with coping strategies, social support, psychological morbidity, and quality of life in the caregivers of schizophrenia.Asian journal of psychiatry,6(5), 380-388. McGorry, P. (2014). Film review The Sunnyboy.Australasian Psychiatry,22(5), 503-503. Shanks, V., Williams, J., Leamy, M., Bird, V. J., Le Boutillier, C., Slade, M. (2013). Measures of personal recovery: a systematic review.Psychiatric Services,64(10), 974-980. The Sunnyboy. (2013). Retrieved from https://edutv.informit.com.au.ezproxy1.acu.edu.au/watch-screen.php?videoID= 655842 Williams, J., Leamy, M., Bird, V., Harding, C., Larsen, J., Le Boutillier, C., ... Slade, M. (2012). Measures of the recovery orientation of mental health services: systematic review.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology,47(11), 1827-1835.

Young Adults And Alcohol Essays - Drinking Culture, Alcohol

Young Adults and Alcohol The drinking age in the United States is a contradiction. At the age of eighteen, one can drive a car, vote in an election, get married, serve in the military and buy tobacco products. In the United States you are legally an adult at eighteen. An eighteen-year-old, however, can not purchase alcoholic beverages. The minimum drinking age should be lowered from twenty-one in the United States. Unbelievably, the United States citizens trust their sixteen-year-old children to drive three thousand pound vehicles. We require our working young to pay taxes. We trust the decision-making abilities of eighteen year olds in public elections, with the right to smoke, and with the choice of marriage without parental consent. Our young adults are encouraged to join the army and fight for their country. We however believe that until the age of twenty-one our young adults can not handle alcohol. There is an ever-growing problem on campuses all across the nation: the abuse of alcohol. College freshman, usually nineteen, enter college with a bias involving the drinking law. In almost every aspect other than the drinking age, these freshmen are considered adults. However, they are told by the law they are not responsible enough to handle alcohol. Elizabeth Whelan declares, "Banning drinking by young people makes it a badge of adulthood -- a tantalizing forbidden fruit" (84). This badge of adulthood is quickly attained by college freshman, who lash out at the drinking age, with binge drinking. The abuse of alcohol by young people can likely be prevented, certainly not in all cases but in many. In most European countries moderate drinking is common by teenagers. These teens have been taught about the dangers of alcohol and were brought up by parents who let their children experience alcohol moderately. Whelan observes, "Though the per capita consumption of alcohol in France, Spain and Portugal is higher than in the United States, the rate of alcoholism and alcohol abuse is lower "(84). United States parents should take the hint from Europe and educate their children about alcohol. Parents should not just say alcohol is bad and evil. Parents should teach about the effects of alcohol, how to drink properly and when alcohol is appropriate. Parents have the chance to properly educate their young adults. These young adults will experience alcohol somewhere and will be given an education by someone. The lessons of alcohol should be learned at home. There are many possible remedies to the problem of underage alcohol abuse. The best possible curative would be to lower the drinking age to nineteen, not eighteen. At eighteen many young adults are still in high school. However, at the age of nineteen most young adults are out of high school or close to graduating. The thought of high school seniors legally drinking would put a bad taste in many citizens' mouths. In Canada, the drinking age is already nineteen which entices many nineteen or twenty year olds across the border for a drink. Our young adult population lashes out at the law by drinking excessively. There are too many young adults being hurt while abusing alcohol. Too many deaths, rapes and accidents have occurred. This illegal action can be deterred, and many lives will be saved, but only through the education by parents and society. The drinking age should and can be lowered with the approval and assistance from the citizens of the United States.